由增强纤维和基体组成。纤维(或晶须)的直径很小，一般在l0μm以下，缺陷较少又小，断裂应变不大于百分之三，是脆性材料。容易损伤、断裂和受到腐蚀。基体相对于纤维来说强度和模量要低得多但可经受较大的应变往往具有粘弹性和弹塑性是韧性材料。    纤维增强复合材料由纤维的长短可分为短纤维增强复合材料、长纤维复合材料和杂乱短纤维增强复合材料。纤维增强复合材料由于纤维和基体的不同品种很多如碳纤维增强环氧、硼纤维增强环氧、Kevlar纤维增强环氧、Kevlar纤维增强橡胶、玻璃纤维增强塑料、硼纤维增强铝、石墨纤维增强铝、碳纤维增强陶瓷、碳纤维增强碳和玻璃纤维增强水泥等。
It consists of reinforced fibers and matrix. The diameter of the fiber (or whisker) is very small, generally below l0 micron, with fewer and smaller defects, and the fracture strain is not more than 3%. It is a brittle material. It is easy to damage, fracture and corrode. Matrix is much lower in strength and modulus than fiber, but it can withstand large strains, often with viscoelasticity and elastoplasticity, and is a tough material. Fiber reinforced composites can be divided into short fiber reinforced composites, long fiber reinforced composites and disorderly short fiber reinforced composites by fiber length. Fiber reinforced composites can be made of a wide variety of fibers and substrates, such as carbon fiber reinforced epoxy, boron fiber reinforced epoxy, Kevlar fiber reinforced epoxy, Kevlar fiber reinforced rubber, glass fiber reinforced plastics, boron fiber reinforced aluminum, graphite fiber reinforced aluminum, carbon fiber reinforced ceramics, carbon fiber reinforced carbon and glass. Glass fiber reinforced cement and so on.